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Cao Cao Mausoleum
The Cao Cao Mausoleum, also known as the Gaoling Mausoleum of Wei and the Xigaoxue Tomb No. 2, is a tomb situated in Xigaoxue Village, Anfeng Township, Anyang County, Anyang, Henan, China. Purported to be the burial site of Cao Cao (155–220 CE), a prominent warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty, the discovery of the tomb was reported on 27 December 2009 by the Henan Provincial Cultural Heritage Bureau.〔 In 2013, the tomb became part of the seventh batch of Major Historical and Cultural Sites Protected at the National Level in China.
==Historical background==
Cao Cao (155–220) was a warlord and politician who rose to prominence towards the end of the Han dynasty (c. 184–220) and became the ''de facto'' head of government in China during that period. In 216, he was conferred the title of a vassal king – King of Wei (魏王) – by Emperor Xian, the figurehead Han emperor whom he controlled. Through his military conquests, he laid the foundation for what was to become the state of Cao Wei (220–265), established by his son and successor Cao Pi during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280). Cao Cao died in 220 in Luoyang at the age of 65 and was posthumously honoured as "King Wu" (武王; lit. "martial king") by Emperor Xian.〔(庚子，王崩于洛陽，年六十六。 ... 謚曰武王。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 1.〕
The location of Cao Cao's tomb has been a mystery over the centuries. According to his official biography in the ''Records of the Three Kingdoms'' (''Sanguozhi''), he was interred in the Gaoling (高陵; lit. "high mausoleum") about one month after his death.〔(二月丁卯，葬高陵。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 1.〕 However, there were others who believed that he was buried elsewhere: near Xu (許; present-day Xuchang, Henan), the Han capital at the time; beneath the Zhang River; below the Bronze Sparrow Platform (銅雀臺), a terrace in Ye (鄴; in present-day Handan, Hebei), the capital of his vassal kingdom.
Another legend, which originated during the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127) and was popularised by the works of Luo Guanzhong, Pu Songling and others in later periods, says that Cao Cao had 72 tombs constructed to serve as decoys and protection against grave robbers.〔〔 The Northern Dynasty Tombs in Ci County, Handan, Hebei were initially thought to be the 72 tombs, but archaeologists later confirmed that they belonged to the imperial families of the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties and have nothing to do with Cao Cao.
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